Bilateral Graph

A bilateral graph is a visualization map which show increases on one side of a zero line and decreases on the other side. I found a map of Golden Gate jumpers. This graph shows the number of people who have comitted suicide by location on the bridge. There is no "zero line" on this graph but I view the bridge as the zero line and the east and west sides of the bridge as positive and negative. More jumps occur on the east side of the bridge and most of the jumps occur at light pole 69 out of 128.

http://strangemaps.wordpress.com/?s=suicide

Nominal area choropleth map

A nominal area choropleth map is a choropleth map that is used to dispaly qualitative or categorical data. The data is classified into groups and there is no implicit ordering. This map shows the geography of the first round of France's presidential elections on April 22, 2007. The three colors represent the three main contendors out of about a dozen candidates.

http://strangemaps.wordpress.com/2007/04/

Unstandardized Choropleth Map

An unstandardized choropleth map is one that has not been areally averaged by density or percentages. This map shows the total fertility rate of the world.

http://www.eps.mq.edu.au/courses/GEOS219/choropleth.htm

Standardized choropleth map

A standardized choropleth map is one that has been areally averaged. This map was areally averaged by using percentages, where all data is relativized to a scale of 0-100. This map shows the percetange of respondants from each county that call soft drinks either "soda," "coke," or "pop." It seems most of the North prefers to call soft drinks "pop" where most of the south east calls soft drinks "coke," and then the northeast corner and southwest corner prefer "coke." I though this was pretty interesting.

http://strangemaps.wordpress.com/2008/08/

Univariate Choropleth Map

Univariate choropleth maps display one set of areal data. This map is also a thematic map and it shows how well each state teaches evolution. I feel this map would be more useful if the divisions were smaller, maybe showing each county instead of by state.

http://strangemaps.wordpress.com/2007/04/

Bivariate Choropleth Map

Bivariate mapping is an important mapping technique in cartography. Given a set of geographic features, it maps two variables on a single map by combining two different sets of graphic symbols. This map shows county population in Ohio in 1997 and the median house values in counties in Ohio.

http://proceedings.esri.com/library/userconf/proc99/proceed/papers/pap171/p171.htm

Unclassed Choropleth Map

An unclassed map has as many classes as there exist unique data values in the distribution. However, not all of these classes may be necessary if the map reader cannot discriminate among the graphic values representing unique numerical values. The map on the left is a classed map and the map on the left is an unclassed map showing population change in percentages. The advantage and disadvantage for unclassed choropleth maps is that it minimizes the amount of generalization and simplification.

http://go.owu.edu/~jbkrygie/krygier_html/geog_353/geog_353_lo/geog_353_lo07.html

Classed Choropleth Maps

Choropleth maps portray areal data. In classed choropleth maps data is combined into a smaller number of groups and portrayed in intervals, usually 4 to 7 so that the pattern being shown is apparent and useful information is communicated. This classed choropleth map uses 6 intervals to show the percentage of Thai men that tested positive for HIV at time of entry into the Royal Thai Army, Thailand, 1991–2000.

http://www.aegis.com/pubs/CDC_EID/2003/EID9701.html

Range graded proportional circle map

Range graded proportional circle maps use a set number of circle sizes to map point data. These are Proportional circle maps of Zn and Pb in surface waters of the Bathurst Mining Camp, New Brunswick, Canada. Also shown are deposits and showings/occurrences in the area of ~400 km2.

http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/mindep/method/geochem/index_e.php

Continuously variable proportional circle map

A continuously variable proportional circle map is a proportional circle map which utilizes circles to create point data. The circles are in proportion to the variable being measured not exactly the area over which it is measured. The circle size in this map is proportional to the amount each county's leading candidate was ahead in 2008.

http://propagandica.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/circlesizeisproportionaltotheamounteachcountysleadingcandidateisahead.jpg

DOQQ

DOQQs (Digital Orthographic Quarter-Quads) combine the image characteristics of an aerial photograph with the geometric qualities of a map. DOQQs are orthorectified, which removes distortion out of aerial photos so that they can be used as flat maps, this allows for more accurate measurement of distance, areas, angles, and positions.

This is an image taken in 2005 of Louisiana after Hurricane Katrina and Rita hit. This photography extends from Gulfport, MS to Sabine Lake, LA and includes areas impacted by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Funding for the photography was provided by the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act, Coastwide Reference Monitoring Program (CWPPRA - CRMS), with additional funding provided by the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality and the U.S. Geological Survey to expand coverage to assist in hurricane recovery.

http://www.lacoast.gov/maps/2005doqq/

DEM

DEMs (digital elevation models) are digital files consisting of terrain elevations for ground positions at regularly spaced horizontal intervals. DEMs are in raster format, the cartographic data is recorded, stored, and processed in a cell, or pixel.

This is a DEM of New York City, NY on November 12, 2003.

http://www.sanborn.com/products/dems.asp

DLG

DLGs are digital vector representations of topographic and planimetric map features derived from either aerial photographs or from cartographic source materials, using manual and automated digitizing methods. DLGs contain a wide variety of information including topography, hydrography, political and administrative boundaries, roads, vegetative surface cover, etc.

This DLG file shows the transportation available for sale and the transportation in progress in Illinois.

http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-471/domier/index.html

DRG

A DRG (digital raster graphic) is a scanned version of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) topographic map that also includes the collar information on the published map. DRGs are georeferenced to the Universal Transverse Mercator Projection and use the same datum as the published map, either NAD 27 or NAD 83. DRGs are available from many sources (some free and some for a fee) including state geospatial data clearinghouses, the USGS, and private companies that have business agreements with the USGS. USGS DRGs are available in scales: 1:250,000, 1:100,000, and 1:24,000.

This image is a part of the Washington West, D.C. digital raster graphic.

http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/factsheets/fs08801.html

Isopleths

Isopleths are contour lines that join areas of equal value of the variable that is being measured. The distance between the contour lines depict the rate of change in that third variable. There are a variety of specialized isopleth maps. Examples include: , isohyets (show rainfall), isopachs (show rock or sediment), isotachs (show wind speed), and isobars (show air pressure).
This map uses isopleth lines to illustrate the proportion of people in Japan who have been living in single municipalities since birth.

http://web.sfc.keio.ac.jp/~endo/historical_gis.htm

Isopach

An isopach is a contour that connects points of equal thickness. Commonly, the isopachs that make up an isopach map display the stratigraphic thickness of a rock unit as opposed to the true vertical thickness. This is an isopach map of the Union Springs Shale (thickness in feet).

http://www.searchanddiscovery.net/documents/2007/07022lash/images/2_1.htm

A cont

Isohyets

Isohyets are contour lines on a map or chart connecting areas of equal rainfall. The Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) has initiated a project aimed at improvement of water management in the State of Andhra Pradesh, India due to the limited availabilty of water since 2000. This map shows the Agro-climatic Zones with annual Rainfall (mm) Isohyets of Andhra Pradesh.

http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0415e/A0415E21.jpg

Isotachs

Isotachs are contour lines on a given surface connecting points with equal wind speed. This map shows 200 mb isotachs and streamlines.

• Purple shading indicates the speed of the winds at the 200 millibar level, in meters per second.
  
• The streamlines indicate the direction of flow of the wind, which is generally from west to east throughout most of the subtropics, mid- and high-latitudes.
• The color of the streamlines indicates a relative measure of divergence of the flow in the upper troposphere. Orange and red indicates strong divergence at upper levels, usually associated with strong vertical velocities in the middle troposphere, and severe weather/heavy rainfall.

http://wxmaps.org/pix/avnmr5.00hr.png

Isobar

A line drawn on a weather map connecting points of equal pressure is called an isobar. The isobars are generated from mean sea level pressure reports and the pressure values are given in millibars. The image I found is a cartoon of a weather man showing an isobar map. I thought this related to our discussion about how much or how little weather reporters really know about what they are showing the audience.

http://www.cartoonstock.com/lowres/jmi0205l.jpg

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LIDAR

LIDAR can measure distance, speed, rotation, chemical composition and concentration. This image was produced by a laser beam fired at the ground from a plane to measure the distance to the ground and record the exact position of up to 85,000 points on the ground each second. This data is then used to make a 3-D map of the area.

In the specific case of forestry management, officials will have the ability to identify young forest canopies too dense or at risk for not maturing into fully-developed trees. Furthermore, they will also be able to calculate the heights of individual trees within one or two feet and, in some cases, identify the types of trees observed.

http://www.treehugger.com/files/2007/06/3-d_forest_mapping.php

Doppler Radar

Doppler radars use the Doppler Effect to detect reflectivity and rotational velocity to predict weather and prevent catastrophes during severe storms. Reflectivity is a measure of the size of the particles in the air and rotational velocity is a measure of the speed and direction of the air relative to the radar station.
This is an image showing the hook echo of a F4 tornado as it hit the General Motors plant in Oklahoma City. As a result of NOAA sending out a tornado warning all 1,200 employees were safely evacuated.

http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories/s2097.htm

Black and White Aerial Photo

Black and white aerial photography uses IR film to show a geographical visual of an area from the air. This is an aerial photo of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/AU1448-001/Riser

Infrared Aerial Photo

Infrared aerial photography is a powerful tool. Not only can it be used to document changes to the environment, the health of forests, wetlands, bays and oceans, but it can also be used to document and monitor such items as damage to roofs, the tracking of dairy farm out flows, pinpointing the source of, and monitoring, insect or disease infested vineyards, or sites contaminated by toxic chemicals, and many more applications. This is an infrared aerial photo of the Nteley-Libau Marsh in Manitoba a "Mecca" for the waterfowler, a migratory bird who's species is deteriorating.

http://www.lssd.ca/netleymarsh/